The Provinces of the Roman Empire (Circa 120 CE)

The Provinces of the Roman Empire (Circa 120 CE) Roman regions (Latin proviniciae, particular provincia) were authoritative and regional units of the Roman Empire, built up by different heads as income creating regions all through Italy and afterward the remainder of Europe as the realm extended. The governors of the areas were regularly chosen from men who had been delegates (Roman officers), or previous praetors (the central equity of judges) could likewise fill in as representative. In certain spots, for example, Judaea, the similarly lower positioning common regents were selected the senator. The areas gave a wellspring of pay to the representative and assets for Rome. Fluctuating Borders The number and outskirts of the territories under Roman principle changed almost continually as conditions adjusted in the different areas. During the last time of the Roman Empire known as the Dominate, the areas were each messed up into littler units. Coming up next are the areas at the hour of Actium (31 BCE) with the dates (from Pennell) they were built up (not equivalent to the date of securing) and their general area. Sicilia (Sicily, 227 BCE)Sardinia and Corsica (227 BCE)Hispania Citerior (eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, 205 BCE)Hispania Ulterior (southern shoreline of the Iberian Peninsula, 205 BCE)Illyricum (Croatia, 167 BCE)Macedonia (terrain Greece, 146 BCE)Africa (present day Tunisia and western Libya, 146 BCE)Asia (current Turkey, 133 BCE)Achaia (southern and focal Greece, 146 BCE)Gallia Narbonensis (southern France, 118 BCE)Gallia Citerior (80 BCE)Cilicia (63 BCE)Syria (64 BCE)Bithynia and Pontus (northwestern Turkey, 63 BCE)Cyprus (55 BCE)Cyrenaica and Crete (63 BCE)Africa Nova (eastern Numidia, 46 BCE)Mauritania (46 BCE) Principate The accompanying areas were included under the heads during the Principate: Rhaetia (Switzerland, Austria, and Germany, 15 BCE)Noricum (portions of Austria, Slovenia, Bavaria, 16 BCE)Pannonia (Croatia, 9 BCE)Moesia (Danube stream locale of Serbia, the Republic of Macedonia, and Bulgaria, 6 CE)Dacia (Transylvania, 107 CE)Britannia (Britain, 42 CE)Aegyptus (Egypt, 30 BCE)Cappadocia (focal Turkey, 18 CE)Galatia (focal Turkey, 25 BCE)Lycia (43 BCE)Judaea (Palestine, 135 CE)Arabia (Nabataea, 106 CE)Mesopotamia (Iraq, 116 CE)Armenia (114 CE)Assyria (difference on the spot, 116 CE) Italian Provinces Latium et Campania (Regio I)Apulia et Calabria (Regio II)Lucania et Bruttium (Region III)Samnium (Regio IV)Picenum (Region V)Tuscia et Umbria (Regio VI)Etruria (Regio VII)Aemilia (Regio VIII)Liguria (Regio IX)Venetia et Ager Gallicus (Regio X)Transpadana (Regio XI) Sources Pennell RF. 1894. Antiquated Rome: From the Earliest Times Down to 476 A.D. Venture Guttenberg.. Smith W. 1872. A word reference of Greek and Roman Google Books. topography, Volume 2.

Globalization and culture free essay sample

The article Globalization and Local Culture composed and distributed The Levin Institute, of the State University of New York talks about the impacts of globalization on neighborhood societies around the globe. The article expresses that as globalization is expanding step by step, the legislature and individuals are getting increasingly worried about their neighborhood social qualities. Globalization has not just furnished individuals with various assortments of items yet it has likewise undermined neighborhood creation and customary makers. The introduction to various social items has changed nearby societies. The terms and models utilized in the article are powerful and convincing, for example, Americanization and McDonalization. The word usage which are utilized by author in the article were awesome. The articulation Americanization states how the likeness of the world societies rotates around American culture. American culture has to a great extent influenced all the way of life of the world in light of the fact that a large portion of the multinationals are American. Before, the food of a nation spoke to their way of life yet with Americanization, the food of numerous nations has changed. We will compose a custom exposition test on Globalization and culture or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Food, yet it has additionally influenced the dietary patterns of various societies. As in Pakistan, individuals dont have the idea of remove conveyances. They sit together and appreciate the food however with the expansion of Americanization, presently individuals remove their conveyances and eat it out and about or during work. The term McDonalization of Society utilized by the Ritzer (a humanist) in the article implies that the world is being lead more by drive-through joints. As indicated by statics, over the most recent fifty years McDonalds has opened 31000 new eateries around the world. The statics, dates and the validity of the Ritzer affirms the realness of the figures. He contends that the effect of globalization prompts worldwide consistency which incorporates neighborhood propensities and convention. Be that as it may, a few nations, for example, China have communicated a negative response to it. Individuals vigorously challenged one part of Starbuck which was situated in Beijing which results into the shutdown in 2007.Another impact of Americanization helped me to remember the social estimations of Pakistan. Prior to globalization, Pakistan had an idea ofâ cohabitate family framework in which the grandparents live with every one of their children and their spouses and kids. In any case, as the impact of Americanization expanded, the social worth has been lost in the greater part of the urban territories. There are presently retirement homes for the grandparents. Author says that it is supported for the legislature to be worried about neighborhood culture propensities however their endeavor to mediate in the working of the market is off base. Government can stop the article of different societies in their general public however it can't stop its impact. Its better to give all the alternatives to the individuals and request that they settle on the best decision. For example, the Chinese government can boycott Facebook in their nation by restricting people groups decision, yet when a global Chinese understudy goes anyplace around the globe he will probably open a Facebook account.

The Cycle of Abuse Definition, Explained, Examples

The Cycle of Abuse Definition, Explained, Examples The general definition of abuse is misuse. This is why we talk of abuse of office and power. It is the misuse of things. But what is abuse when directed towards people?It is mistreating people. Treating them the way they do not deserve.Although the word “deserve” can be taken to be relative in meaning, the bottom line is that every person ought to be treated with respect and dignity.Every human being is unique and important, thus should be given fair and respectful treatment. However, some people seem to have a different understanding of this. For them, not only are their needs and wants important, but they can only be best met through mistreating others.Such people are called abusers.An abuser mistreats you in an effort to gain and maintain control. However, his pursuit of control is at times extreme and he may end up seriously hurting you. In some cases, the hurt leads to death.But just how does the abuse take place? Can you recognize it? Can you avoid it?THE CYCLE OF ABUSEAbus e normally takes place behind closed doors and is not very easy to recognize. There are two main reasons for this:The abuser knows how to hide and lie â€" abusers are master deceivers and they know how to paint themselves in good light when in public. They will show themselves to be friendly and helpful. For this reason, it’s difficult to associate them with abuse.The victim usually doesn’t know what is going on â€" victims of abuse are usually confused, not knowing that they are being abused. The reason is because all kinds of abuse start at the psychological and emotional level.When this happens, the victim’s self-esteem is destroyed and he becomes a puppet in the hands of the abuser. He gradually starts doubting his own reality and at this point, he really cannot recognize that what is happening is abuse.Although recognizing abuse is difficult, this article highlights the stages involved and tells you what happens in them. This way, you are able to recognize abuse.If you ar e experiencing any of the signs described, then you will know which stage you are in and what you can do.The origin of the term “Cycle of Abuse”The cycle of abuse was first theorized by Dr. Lenore Walker, in 1979. This was after interviewing 1,500 women who were survivors of domestic violence.What she found out was that although the women narrated different stories, the stories shared a similar pattern.There was a recognizable cycle of how the abuse had happened. Walker proceeded to develop the cycle of abuse theory which is as shown in the image below. Source: Wikimedia CommonsLet’s look at these four stages of abuse and some real-life examples. Afterwards, you will be able to easily identify abuse and recognize the situation that you or a victim is in.At the end, you will learn that you do not have to be enslaved by this cycle. Not only can you break it, but you can also live an abuse-free life, because you deserve it.Tension-building phaseThis is where the cycle begins. Despite all relationships having their share of conflict, conflicts in an abusive relationship are never resolved. This is because one of the things abusers never do is admit any wrong.As conflicts arise in the relationship but they are not resolved, several things happen. These include the abuser acting in passive-aggressive behavior. This is one of the ways the victim gets confused because the communication channels are essentially closed.As the tension builds up, communication from the abuser becomes poor. This makes the problem more vague and unclear. You ar e neither able to pinpoint the problem nor its cause, even though you’re experiencing its effects.This presents you with a very problematic situation. Since as a victim you are most likely passive, you lack the confidence to address the situation. You therefore get stressed on the inside and it comes out through your actions.You become clumsy as you go about your daily activities and are likely to do things wrongly. This is exactly what the abuser is waiting for. As you will come to know later, this is one of the ways the abuser sets the stage for abusive behavior.You also become fearful and start actively avoiding things which might trigger violence or other unwanted actions from the abuser. Quite literally, you start walking on eggshells. Although in every relationship people avoid the things which they know their partners don’t like, for you it is not out of love but fear. This fear largely contributes to your inability to make sound decisions, leading to wrong actions.Incide nt phaseThe tension that has built up will soon enough give way to an incident of abuse. This is where the abuser acts out his anger.Depending on the abuser and how far the relationship has come, this incident may vary.It may be as “small” as a verbal attack or as big as physical violence. In most cases, physical abuse comes way later into the relationship, when the abuser has developed control over you and is assured of your compliance and inability to leave.If at the infant stages of the relationship, what may come from the abuser is likely to be harsh criticisms of you. Outbursts of anger, arguing and yelling might also occur. The whole purpose of this is to put you down and reduce your self-esteem. This is important for the abuser so as to gain control over you.Another common incident to occur at this stage is blaming you for all the wrongs in the relationship. Even his reactions. Although abusers rarely admit wrongdoing, in the event that they do, then they won’t take res ponsibility for it. They will instead put the blame on you.They will always justify their actions by pointing out what you did. If you try having a rational discussion to resolve conflicts with an abuser, he will do everything to scuttle the process. Abusers cannot reason logically. This is mainly out of training themselves to hide their hurts.Intimidation is also a part of the incident phase. An abuser will intimidate you to show that he is right while you are wrong. Through out the relationship, it will always be about him being right.In the minds of abusers, everything is usually about gaining control. If they don’t have control, then nothing will run smoothly. Unfortunately, no amount of control satisfies them, not to mention that their control is always exercised through hurting others.Reconciliation phaseThe reconciliation phase comes after an abusive incident because the abuser is now afraid of the consequences of his actions against you.In most cases, the abuser will be af raid that you might leave. To avoid that, they will show remorse, which might be real or fake, just to convince you not to leave.Both the abuser and the victim have character traits that make this phase work just as the abuser intends. Although you are likely to accept his apology, it is often just another part of the game. For the abuser, it is all power play.Abusers happen to have great convincing power. This is however not the kind that works in great salesmen but one that is driven by their desperate need to control others. It is only when they have complete control over everyone around them that they can get satisfaction.The abuser will tell you that he is sorry for what he did and that the incident will never occur again. If he acknowledges his wrong behavior, he will most likely deny its magnitude. He will downplay the effects of his actions or the harm he has caused you.Something else likely to happen in this stage is making excuses for his behavior. An abuser will always ha ve an excuse as to why he did what he did. And a part of that is the blame-shifting that he does. His actions are always a valid response to your own actions.On your part as the victim, the reason this stage succeeds and leads to the next one is your gullibility. Lacking in knowledge about abuse simply makes you vulnerable. You have witnessed wrong treatment and cruel attacks but are unable to pinpoint it as abuse.Something else, it is likely that you have low self-esteem. This mostly comes from your upbringing and the effects of your past life prior to getting involved with the abuser. This is how you first of all fell into his trap because abusers rarely abuse confident people.People with low self-esteem are always, even unconsciously, seeking approval more than the confident person. This makes the victim open to making sacrifices to please other people in an effort to gain their approval. This openness to making great sacrifices is what abusers look for as they “hunt” for vic tims.All the same, not everyone who is open to making sacrifices can be abused. There are those who can make sacrifices though they have a firm stand in regards to the extent of it.Although such people will initially accommodate the abuser because he posed as one who needed help, they will soon confront them on some aspects which will leave the abuser sensing exposure. At this, the abuser will naturally flee.At the same time, it is important to realize that the manipulation carried out by abusers is not easy to detect. Unless you are knowledgeable about abusive tactics and are on the lookout for them, you can fall victim.Calm phaseThis is the last phase of the abuse cycle and is very closely tied to the reconciliation phase. It is also sometimes referred to as the honeymoon phase. This is due to the actions of the abuser at this stage. He simply goes back to the charming ways he began with.As the name indicates, this phase is characterized by calm and peaceful times in the relations hip. As such, you are assured that the abusive incident will never happen againâ€"just as the abuser promises.However, the calm is not all there is at this stage. This phase is really like a honeymoon moment for you. In an effort to erase the memories of abuse from your mind, the abuser may go to considerable lengths to paint an impressive picture of himself.Since he knows you quite well, he will seek to do the things he knows will make you happy. He will put in the efforts to show you that he is loving and caring.Two things will be happening to you at this stage:Enjoying the calm â€" you are pleased by the turn of events and start holding onto the relationship not wanting it to fall apart. This will be a sign for him that all is well. Most, if not all abuse victims are usually very hopeful that things will turn out well. Remember that in their hearts, they are people who are willing to help and sacrifice. You cannot help if you’re not hopeful that things will be better. The effor ts by the abuser thus pay off and they gain the trust of the victimâ€"again. Unfortunately, this is just in readiness for the next abuse incident.Self-blaming â€" as you enjoy the calm and loving environment, you are at the same time internalizing what happened before the calm. At the very beginning, you believed that the abuser was a good person. Then with the abuse, he constantly criticized you and blamed you for his actions. With time, you have believed his criticisms. So you now start thinking that it’s possible you’re the one who causes the abuser to behave the way he does.And because you don’t want the incidents to repeat again, you start “giving back” by doing what the abuser likes while avoiding what he doesn’t like. What is happening is that you are adapting while the abuser is becoming used to getting away with it.Why the abuse may not stopYou may think that adapting to the likes of the abuser will stop the abuse.Not so fast. Actually, you may just be fueling i t.Being a relationship setup, conflicts will always arise. Every conflict brings in fears for the abuser that he might lose control of the situation.To safeguard his control, which is the source of his confidence and satisfaction, he has to solidify his rule. He has to ensure that he is fully respected (actually feared).This can only be achieved through more incidents of abuse because according to the abuser, that is the only way of going about issues. With time however, things get worse for you as the abuser becomes more insensitive and the abuse more cruel. As you become isolated from friends and family, you may become suicidal.REAL LIFE EXAMPLES OF ABUSEAbuse is very real and many cases go unreported. The victims who seek help have enabled some data on abuse to be collected. From that, we have very grim statistics. For example, everyday, there are more than 20,000 calls made to domestic violence hotlines.The victims who do not seek help are mainly in the trap of not recognizing t hey are being abused. In the event that they recognize it, they deny it.It is only after some time that you may start understanding what was happening to you and decide to report. This may be out of anger against the abuser or just desiring that others may know about it and avoid being victims.At times, victims report the abuse as a last option of seeking help. In some cases it comes just in the nick of time to save their lives.Fiona Stagg, who ended up with a broken skullFiona had been abused by her fiancé but then was lead to believe that it would never happen again. But the cycle was just beginning.Coming from a 14-year marriage, she was comfortable living alone and was not in need of love. Or so she thought. Until Darren showed up and she was immediately infatuated by him.Darren seemed to be the prince Fiona had been looking for. Similar interests, a great show of love, an ever-growing romance, everything that love could bring. Fiona concluded that she really had found her prin ce charming. And wasn’t it worth it?Every Friday she would come home to a bunch of roses and these would remind her that she had just walked into love’s arms. Fiona knew that she had just started her life afresh. And it was exciting.Pressing all the right buttons, Darren suggested marriage. He also suggested children. Was there a reason to doubt that life was getting better? Furthermore, her daughter Megan had already liked Darren and the stage was set for a great family.One evening, instead of the usual bunch of roses, Fiona came home to a drunk Darren who hit her and strangled her till she passed out. Luckily, Megan had called the police. But after the incident, with Darren shocked to see the damage he had done, she dropped the charges against him.Fearfully, Fiona told Darren that she was sure he didn’t mean to hit her. This was to avoid making him angry again. As for Darren, he didn’t remember doing it. Soon, he was back to his normal welcoming using roses. Holding Fiona tightly in a loving way, she soon felt safe with him.Convinced that the attack was one off, she encouraged herself that her face wasn’t so bad. And the strangling marks on her neck were fading too. In any case, didn’t they have a wedding to plan?Things had however changed and Darren became more interested in alcohol than in Fiona. And suddenly one day it happened again. Only that this time it was worse.Drunk, he came home late and after being confronted, he took a large ornamental elephant statue that was nearby and hit Fiona 5 times with it on the head. Megan came just on time to stop the blow which would have killed her.Fiona woke up in an ambulance as she was being rushed to hospital. Apart from black and swollen eyes, her forehead was split in half and would need over 50 stitches to get back to normal.The effects of the abuse have continued past the abuse as Fiona lost her sense of smell and taste. Her memory also got affected and she even forgets what she is saying mid-sent ence. You can read her full story here.Men can be victims tooPaul had to leave his 25-year marriage in order to escape the physical, emotional and psychological abuse he received from his wife.Trouble started after she got pregnant. Probably pretending to show fear and concern, she threatened that he wouldn’t see his child unless they got married and moved in together. But the truth would soon come out when she started being physically abusive.The worst part is that she wore Paul down to believe that he deserved every part of it. That is the highest level of psychological manipulation at work on a victim of abuse.Paul had to literally live part of his life either in the car or the shed where he was supposed to keep his clothes. Why? He was not allowed to keep them in the house with his wife’s things. If he was the only person in the house, Paul was not supposed to have the heating on. Despite being the one paying for it.But even then, his abusive wife took it further. Paul also became a victim of parental alienation after his wife manipulated the children to believe it was all his fault. They were even left “in charge” of him when she went out of the house.With his income tied up in the bills, Paul was stuck but finally managed to get help from the Mens Advisory Project through his sister’s help.Anyone can be a victim of abuse. The only way to minimize risk is by having the knowledge of what to look out for. Raising awareness is also important so that abusers get to be recognized and abuse cases reduced, if not stopped.BREAKING THE CYCLE OF ABUSEIf you are in an abusive relationship, there is hope for you. The cycle can make you insensitive to the abuse, but having gotten to this article, you should be encouraged. You are on the right path towards a more deserving life.There are steps you need to take so as to recover from the abuse. Start with the below three. They will allow you to have a “soft landing” if you decide to leave the relationship.A cknowledge the need to take action â€" this is the first step towards your healing and safety. You have obviously been through a lot of painful experiences and have recognized that things are not the way the should be. Understand that you have been dealing with an abuser who not only knows you, but is capable of making you stick with him some more. Therefore, keep your plans secret. Give yourself assurances of a better life you will have away from the abuser. This will give you strength to move.Talk to a trusted friend â€" by now you may have lost contact with all your friends because the abuser isolated you from them. This is one of the ways he set the stage for abuseâ€"by cutting off external influences so he becomes the only person you are attached to. All the same, there is someone out there who can help you. Try remembering any friend you were close to and one you can trust. If you can remember one who at some point showed concern for you, that’s the one to contact. Maybe all he said was, “I’m concerned that I don’t see you often nowadays.” Contact that friend and let him know what is going on.Search for help online â€" online help is always available, especially now that abuse is being recognized as a bigger problem than it was previously thought to be. With cases on the rise, organizations which help victims have provided information on how to reach them.In the USA, some of them are:Battered women charged with crime: https://www.ncdbw.org/Help for sexual abuse victims: https://www.rainn.org/Help for domestic violence victims: http://www.thehotline.org/Help for men who have been battered: http://www.menweb.org/battered/bathelpnatl.htmHelp for abuse against men: http://help4guys.org/get-help/immediate-help-for-victims/Help for domestic violence victims: http://www.ncadv.org/In the UK, some of them are:Help for abuse against women: https://www.womensaid.org.uk/Help for men who have suffered abuse: http://www.mensadviceline.org.uk/Help for domesti c violence victims: http://www.ncdv.org.uk/Help for rape and sexual abuse victims: https://rapecrisis.org.uk/Help when abroadFor help from anywhere in the world: https://pathwaystosafety.org/It is important that you maintain privacy as you seek online help. If using your mobile phone or a family computer, ensure you use any form of anonymous browsing that your internet browser can provide. This is to ensure you do not leave digital trails which the abuser can find later.Also avoid downloading forms to fill as those may not be hidden by anonymous browsing.CONCLUSIONWhether physical, emotional or psychological, abuse is the worst kind of treatment you can receive from someone.It gets worse when the person is someone you trusted to love you.Always be on the lookout for the signs and avoid committing yourself to relationships too quickly.

Hamlet And Ophelia And Women In Shakespeares Hamlet

Marriage is regarded as a sacred union between two people. In the Shakespearean era, the union consisted of a man and a woman permanently bonded in the eyes of God, solidified by the church. Hamlet adored the connection between his mother and late father. However, following his father’s murder, the lack of sympathy from his mother alters his outlook on the institution of marriage. Consequently, this changes how Hamlet views Ophelia and women in general. There once was love between Hamlet and Ophelia, but the union of Claudius and Gertrude shifts the strength of their relationship. Hamlet can no longer trust women or the endurance of marriage, which were two concepts he once cherished. Instead, he now views the institution of marriage, and†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, her harmful deceit ultimately contributes to the demise of characters like Ophelia: who was also once doted upon by Hamlet. As Amanda Mabillard, writer for Shakespeare Online, states â€Å"[Gertrude ] lies to herself about the consequences of her actions, and she lies to those around her. But she lies to protect. Her [lies] are not cruel and wicked falsehoods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Gertrude was not a part of the murder of Hamlet’s father. However, her reaction fractures the remaining sense of normalcy that was left after his father’s untimely death. Gertrude’s lies are the breaking point for Hamlet. She feigns happiness and ignorance in search of bliss, only to completely unravel her own son and his view of women. Both of his role models have essentially died. His father was physically murdered. The mother he once knew as virtuous and kind, he now views as weak and untrustworthy. With her quick marriage, Hamlet becomes entirely isolated. As she is now married to Claudius, Hamlet feels as though his mother has left him to grieve on his own. In Hamlet’s mind, no man can ever live up to his father, and every woman is just like his mother. With the unfaithful Gertrude representing Hamlet’s standard of women, Ophelia tragically loses the love of her life. Ophelia and Hamlet’s relationship coincides with Gertrude and Hamlet’s relationship. At one time all was well, evident when Ophelia says to Polonius, â€Å"He hath, my lord, of late made many tenders of hisShow MoreRelatedHamlet: a Feminist Approach Essay examples1224 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet: A Feminist Approach Sexism: the belief or attitude that one sex is inherently superior to, more competent than, or more valuable than the other (most commonly used for male superiority). This idea that women are weak is not a new one in the modern world. It has been studied for countless years along with the concept of a patriarchal society. A patriarchy is defined as a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. 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The French And Indian War - 1095 Words

The French and India war was a war that took place in today’s Pittsburgh. The war was both caused by the English and French. The English and the French both felt that they were entitled to land and each was to willing to fight and they were also, willing to go into war so they could prove that they owned the land. (odellreads.com) The French and India war started out as a dispute over land in the Ohio River Valley area, both the French and English settlers moved towards colonization of that area. The English settlers previously settled in Virginia, moving from the northwest into the region. The French settlers started moving east from the Great lakes and south from Canada. George Washington at the time was working with the English forces to remove the French from the region by force. Furthermore, the English ran into a French group at Uniontown, and the English then massacred the French at the Battle of Jasonville. Then, Washington setup camp after at the Great Meadows and beg an constructing a fort, but however the French and their 600 soldiers, then were able to overpower the English and, then they were able to gain control of the area. (odellreads.com) The Treaty of Paris of 1763 marked the end of the French and Indian war. The Consequences of the war was France and its removal as a party from the world. Then the French were expelled to Canada and then they separated to smaller colonies. The war doubled Britain’s national debt, and then the debt was to be lightened byShow MoreRelatedThe French And Indian War1195 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of history, wars have been fought to gain territories, independence, or to fight against those who take away one’s rights. The French and Indian War was fought in North America over the Ohio Valley, however, it is much more than just a war to gain territory. This war opened doors to the colonists who decided that fighting for independence was something they were in need of doing. The Frenc h and Indian War was the portion of the Seven Year’s War that was fought in North AmericaRead MoreThe French And Indian War877 Words   |  4 Pageshistory; wars, such as the French and Indian war altered the perception of the American people. These events and people were some of the many that facilitated the colonists’ defiance against the British. Altercations they encountered turned the people of the newly formed Americas against the British aiding in their quest for independence. During the time of 1763-1775, one of the occurrences that happened to affect the colonists’ perception of the British was the French and Indian War. The war itselfRead MoreThe French And Indian War967 Words   |  4 Pages 2014 During the French and Indian War of 1754-1763, the French and the British were competing for land throughout the Ohio Valley, the Mississippi River, and the St. Lawrence River and for trading rights in North America. Both nations saw this territory as a necessity to increase its own power and wealth while simultaneously limiting the strength of its rival. Although, after the French and Indian War the British gained all of the French land in North America. Following the war the British governmentRead MoreThe French And Indian War895 Words   |  4 PagesMany wars were fought between the English and the French. The French and Indian War was an important factor in the writing of the Declaration of Independence. The war was very costly for the British. After the war ended the British thought of ways to gain money from the colonists to help replenish funds lost from the war. This usually was in the form of taxes. The colonists were not happy with the British government and made their fee lings and opinions known. The colonists wanted their freedom andRead MoreThe French And Indian War938 Words   |  4 PagesThe French and Indian War was a long and bloody war fought by both colonial and British soldiers. By the end of the war, both Britain and the colonies were changed, and so their relationships were changed as well - mostly in negative ways. After the war, political, ideological and economic relations between the colonies and Britain would never be the same. Many colonists realizing their lack of representation in Parliament, which created political tension; British taxation of the colonies createdRead MoreThe French And Indian War1556 Words   |  7 Pages The French and Indian War/Seven Years War began in response to the British unapologetically impinging on the French and the Indian territory. After the seven years of war, the French and British negotiated the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty of Paris effectively ended the French and Indian War/the Seven Years War. It was put into practice in 1763. The immediate results included the French loss of all territory in the Americas except some islands in the Gulf, the Spanish receiving all land west of theRead MoreThe French And Indian War1731 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Revolution was fought from 1775-1783, the war happened because of the tension that was building between Great Britain and their thirteen colonies. From 1607 to 1763, Britain gave the thirteen colonies benign and salutary neglect. Even though the colonists lived under the Mercantilist doctrine, they were still allowed to prosper while under Great Britain’s authority. The French and Indian war changed their relationshi p.Great Britain going to war with France caused them to accumulate a lot ofRead MoreThe French And Indian War1337 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen many wars, some wars were fought for world domination and others were fought for independence. One war that fought for independence was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was fought between the colonists and the English with the French aiding the colonists. There are many causes for the American Revolution some of the causes are the French and Indian War, The Sugar and Stamp Act, The Boston Massacre, The Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts. The French and Indian War, also calledRead MoreThe French And Indian War1183 Words   |  5 Pages1773 Britain defeated France in the French and Indian war.The colonists had secretly been bringing in tea into the area from dutch, the tea was cheaper and not taxed, this helped many families in America. It caused parliament to be short of money. In effort to replenish. Victory in the french and indian war was costly for the british. At war’s conclusion in 1763, king George 111 and his government looked to taxing the American colonies as a way of recouping their war cost, they thought that people wantRead MoreThe French And Indian War1310 Words   |  6 Pagescommencement of the revolution. The discussion below critically exploits and explores various reasons that led to the start of the revolution. The French and Indian War The wars which happened between 1754 and 1763 had a high impact on the colonies that were initially proud to be part and parcel of Great Britain. However, as it was noted later after the war, most colonists got increasingly bothered by various Acts passed by the Britain Parliament such as the Currency Acts that were made between 1751

My Theory on Personality Free Essays

My Theory of Personality Personality refers to a combination of long-lasting and distinctive behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotion that typify how we react and adapt to other people and situations. (Plotnik, 2012) Many psychologists, like Freud, theorize that it is a combination of many factors that affect the personality. Many of these factors ranging from early childhood development and unconsciousness to rewards and punishments. We will write a custom essay sample on My Theory on Personality or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have chosen four concepts that I believe contribute the most to the development of the personality and will explain why. The concepts I have chosen to be part of my very own personality theory are: childhood experiences, interpretation of experiences, and observable behavior. Alfred Adler, an Austrian medical doctor and psychologist, once said that we develop our desires and drives during our childhood then our whole adulthood becomes affected by these childhood experiences. People keep striving during their adulthood to fulfill the desires they have developed during childhood. (Radwan, 2008) Childhood experiences are the first lessons you learn, the first observations you see, and are what I believe to be the basis of personality in adulthood. For example, if a child grows up with an overprotective family, she/he will learn to fear strangers and have a lot of insecurities. But in adulthood they will have to deal with that fear, in such a way that it might transfer to another fear like a fear of taking risks or trying new things. Growing up, there are always situations when you have to meet new people or interact with strangers, and sooner or later you get over the insecurities you have about meeting new people and become friendlier, or you keep your anthropophobia and become very isolated. Personality traits you learn at a young age sticks with you throughout your life even if you forget about them, you’re unconscious mind still puts them in to effect on a daily basis. Interpretation of experiences very from person to person. â€Å"Kids need to feel badly sometimes,† says child psychologist David Elkind, professor at Tufts University. â€Å"We learn through experience and we learn through bad experiences. Through failure we learn how to cope. † Some people might take overbearing parents as a sign of love and affection. While on the other hand a different person might see it as suffocating and annoying. Depending on how they interpret these situations of over-protection by their parents will build on their personality. (Marano, 2004) The child who sees the overbearingness as love will embrace and project it as an adult. But the child who sees the protectiveness as suffocating will want to take more risks and be more outgoing as an adult. A real question I have is why do we interpret these situations the way we do. Most of the time I realize the way I react to certain situations is the same as the way my mother would have reacted. Maybe it is because we spent a lot of time together in my teen years. Observable behavior is basically what you see people do and how they act. There is a phase people say to one another that, in its simplest form, means take note and execute. â€Å"Pay it forward†. Paying it forward is when you notice someone going out of their way to do something nice for you. And in return you do the same for someone else. In a way it is supposed to start a chain reaction and sooner or later more and more people will be kinder to strangers. But after a while the chain end due to someone not paying it forward. Maybe they didn’t notice or they were not paying attention. And when it comes time for them to pay it forward they think nobody has done it for them, so why should they do it for someone else? So, they do not help this person out. That is observable behavior, people learn by watching, and it can change them to be friendlier or ruder. In my theory of personality, childhood experiences, interpretation of experiences, and observable behavior all contribute to it. Each has its very own contribution towards a person’s personality. Weather it is from early childhood and how the child is treated or young adulthood observing your environment and learning from your environment. Even how you see certain situations, you can see the positive side or the negative side. Just one behavior cannot be the only reason for a person’s personality. It takes many different events to establish it. How to cite My Theory on Personality, Essay examples

Lord Of Flies Essays (2020 words) - English-language Films

Lord Of Flies This was one of the most interesting books I have ever read. It is very addictive and very well written. Though I am a slow reader, it did not take long for me to finish it. I spent four days reading this book and on weekends I put it down during meals. Lord of the Flies kept my interest with very little slow moving dialogue and lots of vivid description. The thing I probably liked the most about Lord of the flies was the theme of the story. This topic was very intriguing. It dealt with many flaws and desires of human nature, and how devastating these factors van be to a culture with no directions or rules to follow. I enjoyed how the story showed that even the youngest and most innocent of humans strive for power over everything and will stop at nothing until he achieves that power. The theme shows the greed that has been bred into all humans. The characters were probably the second most interesting element in Lord of the Flies. All British boys in this story portray a savagery and sadistic nature to which all but a few succumb. The other boys are the only symbol of sanity on the island. There is also a very interesting conflict between Ralph and Jack. Actually I might say it was a struggle between good and evil. The beginning of their struggle stems from the very start of the novel when Ralph is elected chief over Jack. Jack and his hunters eventually form their own group apart from the others. Uncivilized to say the least, his savages are totally stripped of what society has impressed upon them. Ralph demands peace on the island but to no avail. The turning point of the novel occurs when Jack and his hunters have a feast to celebrate breaking away from Ralph and forming their own tribe. During the sadistic event, the boys are invited to join Jack and many accept. Everyone begins to dance and lose touch with reality and all civilization, and when Simon crawls out of te forest with his message about the beast, he himself is mistaken for it and is torn apart by the frenzied children. At this point Ralph loses most of his control over almost all the kids, and Jack begins to take over. After the feast, things get worse for Ralph and his remaining followers. Jack and his warriors attack them one night and steal their source of fire ? Piggy's glasses. The next day Ralph, Piggy and Samneric journey to Castle Rock to try to talk some sense into the savages, but they don't succeed. Piggy still holding to the conch, desperately tries to be heard over the scuffle but Roger, the most evil of all the hunters, heaves an immense boulder upon him, crushing both Piggy and the symbol of sanity and order ? the conch. The next day Jack organizes a manhunt for Ralph. The leader of the savages sets the bushes on fire in an attempt to flush him put. The fugitive is chased across most of the island and finally collapses at the feet of a naval office who was attracted by the smoke. William Golding stated that the theme of Lord of the Flies as "an attempt to trace the defeats of society back to the defects of human nature". The only thing I disliked about this book is that sometimes Golding's writing style was a little hard to follow. The main problem was that the boy's talk was hard to understand. This problem appeared in few spots, however, and for the most part the book was easy to read. There are many themes in the novel: the aspects of social activities, basic needs of society, ecological balance and use of resources, the problem of evil in man. These all themes were very well revealed. Especially the problem of evil in man and the basic needs of society are very well showed. He 3 main characters of the novel to my mind are: Ralph, Jack and Piggy. Ralph is an attractive boy and a natural leader, the sort of intelligent, well-adjusted, athletic boy who easily might become the idol of his schoolmates. We meet him in the first chapter as he leads the way out of the jungle while Piggy lumbers after him. That he is fair-haired suggests that he is a child of fortune, one who is blessed by nature with grace, strength, and luck. There is

The Value of Fiction - The uses of fiction in bringing history to life

The Value of Fiction - The uses of fiction in bringing history to life We history buffs are a rare breed. Happy are the hours we spend poring through pages of dusty old books, wandering through museums full of armor and tapestries, and deciphering forgotten languages in primary sources. Those who have never been bitten by the history bug find it hard to understand what attracts us until they are bitten themselves. There are many different ways history lovers have been drawn into the fascinating world of the past, but perhaps the most common is through a good story. The moment we begin viewing history as stories about real human beings with human motivations instead of mere dates, places and statistics, history can take on a whole new luster. Period literature can help bring the past alive with an epic tale, and so can modern historical fiction. If you are a history buff hoping to get a friend to share your passion for the past, or if you are new to history as a hobby and are trying to understand what others see in it, the best introduction may very well be a historical novel or film. Entertainment has ways of opening the mind to ideas that even the friendliest or most erudite of straight historical texts can never hope to achieve. It helps, of course, when the book is well-written or the film well-directed, and unfortunately historical fiction, just like any other genre, has many more mediocre examples than it does splendid ones. Yet once you find a truly excellent piece of historical fiction, the results can be highly rewarding. However, the trouble with getting your history from fiction is that its, well, fiction. This may seem excruciatingly obvious, but its surprising how many intelligent, educated, well-read individuals take what they read in a historical novel or see in a period film as fact. The Trouble with Fiction When done really well, fiction leaves its audience thinking they know what the medieval world was really like. If the work is accurate, thats wonderful; but alas, novels and films have been known to present a skewed version of events and to perpetuate common misconceptions about the Middle Ages. Of course, most readers realize that much of the dialogue and the private moments of real historical figures that are captured in text or on film are only speculation. They may be aware on some level that events are open to interpretation, and that what they read or see is just one of many versions of what might have happened. Yet even readers who are acutely aware of these facets of historical fiction often ignore any question of accuracy concerning general historical background, settings and costumes, and the details of daily life, accepting as given that this much, at any rate, is authentic. This may be the most dangerous pitfall of using fiction as a doorway to the past. In order to enjoy the experience of fiction, we can (and should) suspend disbelief, and suspend as well any analysis of its veracity as history while reading the story or watching the film. But once you close the book or leave the theater, its time to think again. Even the most carefully-researched historical novel can contain errors of fact, and the sad truth is that many such novels arent carefully researched to begin with. Unlike a historian writing a scholarly treatise, novelists dont have to support every assertion with documentary, archaeological or even secondary evidence in order to get their work published;* they just have to write a good story. And films are so notorious for lacking accuracy that some moviegoers take particular delight in counting the mistakes. Furthermore, scholarly views of the medieval world are constantly evolving; what was considered a fairly accurate picture of the Middle Ages in, for example, the 1970s may be rendered much less authentic by the research and new evidence uncovered in the last few decades. You will sometimes find authors standing on the shoulders of earlier writers and passing along the erroneous or outdated details of their predecessors, with very few readers ever the wiser. Evaluating Fiction Fortunately, historical fiction doesnt always misrepresent the past. There is excellent fiction available, works that bring the Middle Ages to life in a wealth of accurate detail (and tell a good story, too). And more and more, modern historical novelists are making serious efforts to provide an accurate version of medieval times. But how do you know how much of whats presented in fiction is true to life? Do you take the word of the blurb on the back cover? Can film reviewers really tell you when a picture of the past is realistic? Theres only one way to know for sure: find out for yourself. Pick up a factual history book, visit some websites, go to a museum, join a discussion list, and start your journey into the fascinating world of historical discovery. If fiction is the trigger that launches you into the past, its value cannot be denied. Review a Medieval NovelShare your thoughts on a medieval-set historical novel good or bad at this review page. Note *Unfortunately, the same could be said of much popular history that gets published, as well. Guide Note: This feature was originally posted in May of 2000, and was updated in August of 2010.

Cultural Identity Essay Make Your Motherland Known

Cultural Identity Essay Make Your Motherland Known Cultural Identity Essay: Share Your Emotions about Your Motherland â€Å"Despite the fact I was living in the United States for over five years already, I feel I belong to Chinese culture and its traditions.† This line is the part of a cultural identity essay that can sometimes look like a sentence from a philosophical essay. In case you’ve never dealt with this kind of essay paper, here you will find enough useful tips and guides to help you perform an excellent cultural identity essay. This article is aimed at revealing the main secrets of completing a cultural identity essay, its organization moments, and proper formatting. If you want to get extra useful tips, you can contact an expert writing service online. Cultural Identity Essay: Main Purposes and Definition It is important to find out what the exact meaning of the cultural identity essay is before starting to perform a paper. This type of essay is an exceptional writing piece aimed at expressing personal feelings and experience of belonging to a particular nationality. It is preferable to write down how this nationality has influenced your life choices, the process of becoming an adult, and the way you take your decisions. This paper shows how the person develops with a certain nationality background and reveals its personality traits, customs, and traditions. Cultural identity essay mostly focuses on the following elements: Religion; Location; Native Language; Nationality; Gender; The structure of the essay is similar to the most popular essay types. Thus it is easy to figure out how to organize the main elements of the paper. The main difference between this type of essay and other ones is the need to use the first person when performing a paper. Since in the essay you reveal your personal experiences, feelings, and knowledge, there is no need to provide any sources. There is no need for research work either. You simply have to be good at performing the papers according to the assigned formatting style. For example, MLA style, which is mostly used in this kind of essays, can be easily followed once checking its guidelines and standards. It is great to use famous writers’ quotes in your final paper. In such a case, you need to provide a source of the quote in the reference list. Cultural Identity Essay: Top Ideas to Reveal Choose a concise topic for your essay, and better avoid too broad issues. Use the following five top things to discuss when selecting a topic for an essay: The issue of your own imagination; The real-life experience; Personal memories and memorable events; An authoritative person; Memorable places and traditions. It is great when you have a lot of personal experience, for example working in voluntary groups or helping other people. This can be a great topic to reveal. In case you have no such experience, you can always write about national traditions and customs, and the way you follow them nowadays. You can write an essay about your favorite place in your Motherland or about the people who inspire you the most. You can write about both good and bad experience in your life since even the worst situations can eventually become valuable life lessons. Besides, you can help people to deal with their problems once revealing your own bad situations and their solutions. The cultural identity essay can also be written about people who have influenced your way of thinking and the way you make your life decisions. Show how greatly national traditions and customs inspired you. Reveal other exceptional things, which made you the person you are now. Cultural Identity Essay: How to Start It Properly The best start is the selection of the proper topic for an essay paper. With a good topic, first, write an outline to make the entire writing process more organized. You must present your ideas and personal experience in a simple and clear language. You will be telling a story to people of other nationalities, thus make your story really useful and informative. You can conduct research if you want to describe some people or events in more details. Expert Advice: â€Å"First you must decide on the exact topic of your essay paper. Only after dealing with the topic selection, start to organize your ideas. This is the right order for performing a great final paper. Brainstorming will be very useful in the first stages of the writing process. You need to list every interesting idea. Make sure to perform a paper for a certain target audience. Provide a powerful introduction and a strong thesis statement.† You can use a broad thesis statement for a cultural identity essay. For example: â€Å"The cultural identity influences the way we take the life decisions, and the way we see ourselves in the world.† The body paragraphs need to provide a detailed meaning of the main thesis statements. Cultural Identity Essay Body Paragraphs It is preferable to provide a standard essay of five paragraphs. Therefore, write a powerful introduction, three detailed main body paragraphs, and a practical conclusion. Make the body paragraphs of the same length. The outline will help you to organize the entire writing process. Use the list of your interesting ideas and experiences. The following guides will help you to deal with writing process successfully: Use unified arguments to start every new paragraph. Use real-life experience once providing evidence. Use transitions to connect the interesting ideas in one piece. Try to organize the writing process properly and you will get a perfect essay paper eventually. Essay Example Extract of a Cultural Identity Essay â€Å"My mother is Indian, and she belongs to a very educated Indian family. My mother’s religion is Hinduism. My dad is Spanish who has been living in the US for the biggest part of his life. My mother and my dad met in India. Their decision to move to the United States was mostly based on the importance of my dad’s work in the US. In spite of the fact that my dad is an atheist, my parents rarely have conflicts on their religions. It is great they let me become a part of any religion, or remain an atheist as my dad is. I adore their cultural differences since they both give me exceptional experience and knowledge I can use in my own life.† Using this essay example, you can realize better how to perform your cultural identity essay. Yes, it will not be easy to write an inspiring essay. If you want to get a brilliant cultural identity essay, you can order a paper at an expert writing service. This way you will get your essay written by the best writers who know and appreciate the exceptional academic writing.

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Final paper - Essay Example Additionally, around 6% of the Palestinians are Christians and only 1% of the Palestinians are represented by other small religious groups. Israel is an official Jewish country and it is situated in the Middle East. Additionally, Palestine comprises of two physically separate groups; the Muslim and Arab territories and they are located alongside the Israel’s West Bank (Gaza and Jordan River). Moreover, all these territories are dependent. Officially, no internationally recognised border separates Palestine and Israel. The lack of a demarcating border has led to the two countries claiming that they own the lands they currently occupy, and this has resulted in disputes for centuries now.1 The decades-long course of action aimed at resolving the border conflict between the two religious factions led to the creation of another overlapping conflict; managing the extremely unpleasant coexistence between the Israelis and Palestinians. The unpleasant coexistence has led to the Israelis military occupation of the Palestinian territory, while at the same time the Palestinian armed groups terrorise the Israelis mercilessly. Those two conflict dimensions were made worse by the long existence history of violence and bitterness between the two groups. Essentially, it is not the existence of distrust and resentment that usually make reconciliation between these two groups ineffective, but the existence of extremists who usually oppose any negotiation and want to subjugate or even destroy the other side. Moreover, when these extremists control the peace conversation and process, they usually ensure that they derail the whole process.2 In other words, the conflict between the Palestinians and Israelis has advanced into a horrible cycle of conflict and the peace process continues to look less possible each breaking day. In most cases, these two groups are blamed equally for perpetuating conflict because many people, in both sides, enjoy squandering peace as well

Proposal (Subject-Mental Health and Criminal Justice) Research Paper

Proposal (Subject-Mental Health and Criminal Justice) - Research Paper Example Here, we develop a proposal on behalf of a community mental health support group. This proposal is developed using empirical evidence from previous methods. Issues of public safety and ethics are paramount. As such, we analyze the process of law enforcement as applied to the mentally ill, and in so doing, we delineate strengths and weaknesses of traditional methods of dealing with these problems. Our population of interest is those who have not responded well to conventional clinical-legal methods. These are the people who have been traditionally called lost causes or incorrigibles. Our proposal builds upon previously successful models as a consolidated inter-disciplinary method. Briefly, our proposal is one of laissez faire. Forced participation in mental health and substance abuse programs are most often not appropriate especially for people who have the ability to independently improve their own lives (Chandler et. al., 2004). Ultimately, it is a profoundly human endeavor to help others live down their own shortcomings. This is a certainty upon which any method should operate. Although their presence is becoming much more significant, offenders with mental illnesses are still some of the most disenfranchised groups in society. Here, we propose improved methods of dealing with this population in a criminal justice setting. As such, we present the background and rationale for our proposal as well as its details and predicted outcomes. As we explore relevant information with respect to mental health and criminal justice, we are faced with certain questions. Do we include alcohol and drug abuse as a mental illness? How much is the system itself responsible for aggravating mental illnesses in the population? Does punishment (particularly confinement and isolation) make matters worse or maybe even create a lasting state

Psychotherapy as a Treatment for Schizophrenia :: Schizophrenia, mental illness, psychology,

Schizophrenia is a deep-rooted and mutilating mental illness. This disease can cause you to withdraw from the people and activities in the world around you. Which causes a person to retreat into a world of delusions and fantasies. Since no one knows the cause of this disease its hard to know what type of treatment is right. As of now there are two types of known treatments medication, and Psychotherapy. Only one of these two treatments is more endorsed by Doctors who treat this illness. Medication is the more favored of the two but Psychotherapy has a higher commitment rate. Which means that even when patients start taking prescription medication to treat their illness. In most cases they never stick to medication alone because of the side effects. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center even though drug treatments are the primary treatments, studies have shown that the psychological approach has a higher chance of preventing relapses. Some of these approaches are motivational interviews to encourage patients to commit to change, Community based rehab centers, that also help to train the patients social skills, Family Psychotherapy, and last but not least a cognitive-behavioral therapy that reduces the delusions and hallucinations that patients have. This disease mainly affects a persons ability to do everyday things. For example go into big crowds, shop, eat, cook, clean, do laundry. Basic things that one needs to do to live a normal independent life. So if these are the main things a schizophrenic person needs to learn. It can be accomplished with psychotherapy, or rehab. Instead of pumping a person full of generic prescription medication that isn’t going to do much but hurt them because of unbearable side effects, why not just organize groups or classes that is going to a help a person learn to do small but necessary things that they need for everyday life. Especially if the disease is in the early stages this can be accomplished even quicker.

Alan Mulally’s Restructuring of Ford Motor Company

According to the Nelson & Quick, Manually created one team focusing on ford brand. Ford was accused in the recession time, to keep too many brands under its corporate umbrella so it can't focus on its cash cow â€Å"Ford† Brand. He sold out Jaguar cars, Land Rover brand and Volvo cars to minimize the corporate losses. (wickeder. Com). Following answers focus more on what extent his managerial and structural change decisions helpful to create profitable brand. 1. What are the key structural issues that Alan Manually encountered as incoming president and CEO of Ford? An automobile has about 10,000 moving parts, right?An airplane has two million, and it has to Stay up in the this is the answer Alan Manually provided when he was being asked a question by a journalist â€Å"How are you going to tackle something as complex and unfamiliar as the auto business when we are in such tough financial shape†. It was that tough when Manually came into ford from Boeing. There were sign ificant structural issues were at the Ford. Naming them, financial crisis- while other major car manufacturers filing bankruptcy, according to nelson (2013) â€Å"ford dad to resolve to stand on its own feet and go it alone' (p. 39).Internal culture- when Manually come in ford has a very competitive rivalry culture â€Å"and didn't help much to its profitability. According to Nelson & Quick (2013) ‘those who believe that competitive rivalry brings out the best, others know win lose competition carries costs for everyone involved† (p. 64). Additionally, Ford was famous for world car and mass production people didn't buy ford because it is quality car. Ford is inherently face a challenge in a world of cars to build a culture quality. Nelson & Quick, 2013). Too many brands- when Manually come in, ford is more focusing on other attached brands than ford brand name.At the time ford owned Jaguar, Volvo cars, Mazda, Land Rover and Gaston Martin. Which loss the focus of manag ement towards ford brand. Don't have a right products- Manually saw potential of ford focus as a world car and but they didn't market it as it supposed to be and Ford Taurus Was a successful seller and they already discontinued that product How has Alan Manually addressed structural issues identified in the previous question? When Manually came in 2006, financial crisis was at its peak. He decided not to borrow money from government and stand its own feet.It was a right decision, because, overnight sales went up due to many patriotic Americans decided to switch to ford. He borrowed $24 billion from other parties and Stop dividends to shareholders. He sold all the other brands loosely associated with ford. By selling those brand Manually collected some money to get out of recession. Internal culture- when Manually came in, there was competitive culture. It was not helping the good team. Ford was thinking, by competitive culture best come out and actual result was there are bunch of u nhappy internal customers.So Manually created a culture of applauding openness and problem recognition culture. Quality issue- ford ware coincided by the whole worked as a common car. Manually wanted to create a ford as a quality product what exactly customers looking for. Too many brands so entire ford team work as one. According to Nelson & Quick (2013) ford anticipates consumer needs and delivers outstanding products and services that improve people's lives (p. 315). Loss focus- ford has so many brands under its corporate umbrella those did not help them to focus on ford brand.Manually decided to sell them all to get cash to recover the recession. That was increased attention towards ford brand. Bring back right product- first thing Manually did at the ford was bring back Taurus brand which was discontinues for no reason. Which helped to bring loyal customers back Explain the context that ford strategic goals provide for the design of its organization structure (Figurer : ford mo tor company structure) Ford's strategic goals were 1 . Ford is a global family with a proud heritage passionately committed to providing personal mobility to people around the world (Nelson & Quick, 201 3), 2.Ford anticipates consumer needs and delivering outstanding products and services that improves people's lives. Current ford culture would not help to achieve these targets. Inherently automobile industry is fairly club. According to Nelson & Quick (201 3), â€Å"Ford was known for the feudal infighting about its executives, conflicts consumed time, energy and resources in counterproductive internecine warfare† (p. 349). In order to meet the challenge successfully, ford needs an outstanding team. Eventually Manually able to build the winning team.Nelson & Quick (2013) mentioned that â€Å"Manually became a unifying figure who pulled the entire team together collectively'. Manually introduced large scale system integration in to ford learned from Boeing. Which was challen ging at first at ford. Ford had a linear structure shown above. This kind of system is ideal for manufacturing company. The problem was they didn't use the structure properly. Company culture, and structure wasn't that problem, problem was there are some recesses need to fine tune. Reason given for that was ford never felt a fresh blood so often.Manually had to fine tune corroded systems in general. He created united team, he created open door policy instead of competitive policy, he standardize manufacturing pants, etc†¦ By doing all the repairs for this old system, team was align for their new strategy to conquer the market. Would a network (or lattice) organization be a viable structural alternative for ford? Explain your answer (Figurer: Sample network organization) According to my knowledge, linear organization structure would be better Han network organizational structure for the manufacturing company.

Technology Factors in Virtual Teams Leading to Conflict - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2973 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Technology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Technology Factors in Virtual Teams Leading to Conflict Thesis Statement and Introduction Virtual Teams (VTs) are group of individuals with a common goal that are separated geographically and communicate thru the use of technology (Pazos, 2012). Virtual teams open up a whole new world of possible reasons for conflicts and challenges to conflict resolution. Understanding the factors that lead to conflicts, the communication methods and the responsibility of Human Resources (HR) or the third party in conflict resolution is important to be able to develop effective understanding of conflict resolution in virtual teams. Background of Research The shift to flatter organizations, cost saving measures, globalization (Germain and McGuire, 2014), and the advancement of technology has led to the growth of the massive use of VTs. According to PeÃÆ' ±arroja, Orengo, Zornoza, and HernÃÆ' ¡ndez, (2013), as teams become more virtual there is an increasing negat ive effect of collaborative behaviours and team trust. Many researches have correlated that conflict affect the performance of VTs in terms of decreasing it (Ayoko, Konrad and Boyle, 2012; Pazos, 2012; Moreno, Navarro, Zornoza and Ripoll, 2009). As a result of the very fast growth of the VTs usage, these teams are treated are regular face-to-face teams in terms of management, this has caused numerous conflicts and an increased concentration on research on this topic (Shin, 2005). Dain et. al. (2012) argue that the essentials of team building are still there but globalization and technology are the new dimensions which is making it harder for managers. The three commonly discussed points in current researches on conflict resolution in virtual teams are trust, cultural diversity and communication medium or the technology responsible for establishing communication. Comparison of Different Theories It is highly likely that team members in a virtual team do not know each other. In this kind of situation it is possible that teams may not success if they do not trust each other, but the members are not aware of each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s abilities and weakness living the members with no foundation to build trust. Germain and McGuire (2014) introduce the concept of swift trust. It is a short term trust that is built on the foundation of blind trust. Blind trust, as bad as it sounds, is an essential factor making virtual team work and avoid conflicts at the start of the project and get things goings. The second point is cultural diversity. Stahl, Maznevski, Voigt and Jonsen (2010) have stated that cultural diversity in teams is both an asset and liability. It is the ability of the team to manage cultural diversity is key in avoiding conflicts. This point shall only be lightly discussed on this paper as it fairly huge topic in itself. The third common point is the technology itself. As Drouin, Bourgault, and Gervais (2010) state that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a number of studies showing that computer-mediated communication may be associated with an increase in intragroup conflict (p. 6).à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Lyons, Priest, Wildman, Salas, and Carnegie (2009) add that it is due to the increased chances of misinterpretation. A great deal of papers on virtual teams talk about avoiding conflict but according to Pazos (2012) says that aside from commitment to goals, an active involvement in conflict resolution leads to a higher performance. Ayoko, Konrad and Boyle (2012) state that project. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“VTs managed their conflict using mediation, apology, explanations, positive reinforcement, and feedback seeking behaviors (p. 172).à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  In their work the word mediation is being used interchangeably with conflict resolution. They also talk about that this kind of system must be available to the VTs. Shin (2005) introduces this concept through two distinct system fitted to the needs for both conflict resolution and mediation. He in troduces the Virtual Negotiation System (VNS) which most closely matches conflict resolution since it includes the five conflict styles (Competition, Avoidance, Compromise, Accommodation and Collaboration); and Virtual Mediation System (VMS) which is for mediation. In both of this systems the third party can also be geographically dispersed. Main discussion Trust is considered a big component on all relationships, whether it is personal relationship or a working relationship. It is built overtime that is based on a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assessment of other personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior (Tseng and Yeh, 2013). In VTs this is not possible because often all or some of the members of the team are new. Considering Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Group Development Stages (Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing), will always bring the groups back to the storming phase every time a new member is added. In fact Harvey, Novicevic, and Garrison (2004), add that it happens in VTs wi thin the time frame they are working not just when the teams are newly created for a new project. In the world of business, this means delays and in the view of conflict resolution more conflicts will occur. Earlier in this paper the concept of swift trust was pointed out. As a form a blind trust to get things going, but it also can fuel conflicts if each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expectations are not achieved. Since there is no factual basis on building trust, stereotyping and categorization can and is likely going to happen (Germain and McGuire, 2014). Thus, introducing a new avenue for conflicts. A point to be emphasized in this problem, caused by stereotyping and categorization, is that it may worsen conflicts or cause conflicts that are serious or cause permanent damage not just to the relationship but also the reputation of the persons involved. At the end of the day the problem of trust remains a problem whether it is going back to the storming phase every time just to develop trust or applying swift trust which causes new problems that ultimately end up in increased chances of conflict. The main reason that technology can cause misunderstanding is best explained by HoltbrÃÆ' ¼gge, Schillo, Rogers and Friedmann (2011) as they state: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“As electronic media are only able to transmit para-verbal and non-verbal elements of messages to a very limited degree, the risk of misunderstandings and conflicts increases (p. 4).à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  In a simpler sense the words are being transmitted without the sub-contextual cues such as gestures that supplement during conversation without these, receivers of messages may not be able to tell the difference between a strong acceptance and a reluctant acceptance. During regular face-to-face discussion, a mere crossing of hands signals some sort of dissent which cannot be seen using a computer mediated communication, video conferencing may help but according to Moreno, Navarro, Zornoza and Ripoll (2009) litt le has been known about the benefits of videoconferencing in avoiding conflicts. Ayoko, Konrad and Boyle (2012) point that aside from the limitations of technology, conflicts can be aggravated due to communication delays caused by time zone differences or in message delivery problems. Native languages can also play a role in further fueling conflict. People with different native language communicating in English will use different ways to say the same things as they will subconsciously match it with the structure of the native language causing delivering a different meaning than intended. Hsu and Chou (2009) presents that introducing the communicative genres (patterns) can help solve this problem in their statement: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an integration of communication interface that incorporating needed genres for learners to fluently and transparently coordinate is suggested to develop as having individuals to collaborate virtually (p. 10).à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Considering the state of the current speech recognition technologies which fails to simply translate what is said in to written words, this is a long way and it make take decades before a working prototype can be developed. As of the moment, nothing can prevent language from causing conflicts. An added point to look at is sub-accent with in countries (i.e. USA, India). Often in large countries (but not always, it is possible in small countries too) there are different accents and ways of speaking the same language which pushes this cause for conflict in to deeper grounds by adding another layer of complexity. Another problem with technology is its availability and accessibility. Availability is the resources that can be used in communication (i.e. device, internet access, etc.) while accessibility is being able to actually connect to the person, person may have all the resources but keeping them off or not answering the call would not allow any form of communication. This can fuel conflicts or during confli ct resolution can allow a great and easy escape for avoiders. This is further supported by Furumo (2009) in his/her research he finds out that deserter are more likely to use the avoidant conflict management style than any other in VTs. However, the research also finds the use of avoidant conflict management style is not as significantly high as expected. Interestingly, the research also points that trust is also a vital factor that in making a team member an avoider. Avoiders present a big challenge in VTs because just to convince them or get them to conflict resolution is hard. It is because that you cannot just approach the avoiders personally or send a person to them, since if it would have been possible then it will befit the very purpose of creating a VT or would be otherwise be expensive; and attempting to call the avoider will not yield any result for the reason that he/she will not answer or reply to any communication attempt. Additionally distinguishing a person who is rea lly an avoider from those who have poor connectivity would also present a challenge. Both of them will be showing the same signs for a certain time enough to cause undue conflict. These has also been pointed out earlier that any communication delay can increase the chances of conflict in this case carrying the assumption that the person is an avoider, even though the reality is he/she is having connectivity problems. Before this point technology has been treated as able to get things done but not so perfectly. Thomas and Bostrom (2010) also gave a look at two simple but important points that further pushes technology as a vital factor in causing conflict. Firstly, they point to adequacy of technology whether it is able to do the task or not. Technology not being able to or partially do the task will place the pressure on person working, forcing him/her to use the manual paper and pen techniques or do endless adjustment causing more stress, fatigue and time. This seems to be the p erfect environment to brew conflicts. And lastly the inadequacy of knowledge of using technology, this is another teeth-grinder. A great example of this is the mix of generational work force in the workplace today, there are lots of difference among the generation and one of which is technology literacy. Generally, millennials are defined as more tech savvy, followed by generation X which are considered as only tech literate and the baby boomers which have not grown to use technology and often prefer the same old ways. This presentation is enough to support the fact that this is another fertile ground for causing conflicts. In elaboration, millennials would love to do something on computers while Baby Boomers may not trust the output by this technology. Inadequacy of knowledge on technology does not just span in inter-generational situations but also it can still cause conflicts among the same generation. With so software systems today being so advanced that simple usage of those sy stem with ignorance can cause major problems or possible financial losses to the establishments. Another problem that can cause conflict is that fact that there is a wide variety of software available for a certain task and the stereotypical expectation that if someone knows how to do a certain thing would mean that person know a certain kind of software regardless of the possibility of it can also be done on other systems as well. These two facts combined plus the idea of personal preference or expectation is enough to cause scenarios like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I am doing it the right wayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“You are doing it wrongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , thus leading to a possible conflict. VNS (and VMS) is a great tool that uses technology in conflict resolution but upon further analyses the same problems can be identified with technology. Depending on the communication medium used, it still lacks the easily notable non-verbal cues that can be essentially used by the third part y to work most proficiently. It still does not solve the problem of the avoiders which are going to be able to avoid conflicts. Additionally, language problem still remains in VNS proposing a heavy challenge on conflict resolution. Another concept that has come around is Virtual Human Resources Development (VHRD). It is the development of team members to learn how to handle HR related problems, inclusive of which conflict resolution. Human Resource Development experts are becoming partners rather than experts in solving business problems (Germain and McGuire, 2014). Tong, Yang, and Teo (2013) extends this notion that all team aside from the needs IT-related training must be trained in conflict resolution. In whole of this paper, idea the technology failing to provide the full communication channel has been pointed out as a cause for conflict and or leading to other sub causes. But looking back, when there were no VTs, there were still conflicts. For convenience, this will be call ed natural conflict for this paragraph and conflict caused by the weakness of technology artificial conflict. Now the questions, comes How do you differentiate a natural and an artificial conflict? This is a great deal of concern because it will greatly affect the way conflict resolution would have to be conducted. An artificial conflict treated as a natural conflict will be attempted to be resolved in the wrong way. Again, this will introduce another avenue for a new and more complex conflict. The same thing will apply in the reverse situation, wherein the natural conflict will be treated as an artificial conflict. In this scenario, it can be said that it will not affect in a much harsher way than the latter but will still fail. Conclusion In this paper, various causes for conflicts were pointed out and as to why these causes are creating or fueling conflicts in VTs. Technology, trust, language were identified and analyzed as cause for conflict. Technology was identified as a cause for conflict due to its inherent weakness failing to provide a complete communication channel. Trust because there is no quick and easy way of establishing it. Language is another half of the communication problem in VTs because interpretations may fail to deliver the appropriate message. Additionally, the methods or systems that aim to respond to conflict were also put forth but it was later found that these methods or systems fall into the same trap or introduce problems that should not have occurred otherwise (i.e. stereotyping as a result of swift trust). And some systems have been visualized but are currently not possible to be built for now. Conflict resolution in VTs is a great concern to big and small establishments. At the moment it is still new and the whole world is still learning on how to tackle the problems associated with VTs. References Ayoko, O. B., Konrad, A. M., Boyle, M. V. (2012). 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